Sophie Shaw/CNN Underscored

Nowadays, it seems that every cream and serum on the shelves are anti-aging products — so how do you know where to begin? We spoke to five dermatologists to find out what anti-aging skin care actually works and what powerhouse ingredients to look for.

As we get older, our bodies undergo tons of tiny changes that keep us moving. Because the skin is the body’s largest organ, many of these changes stare back at us in the mirror; some of them are healthy and completely natural, like smile lines or crow’s-feet.

“Many changes occur within the skin over the years that outwardly are manifested as aging,” says Dr. Carlos Charles, board-certified dermatologist and co-founder of 4.5.6. Skin. He adds that sun exposure, pollution and blue light from screen time are the most common external factors that contribute to accelerated aging. “These will gradually cause textural skin changes, hyperpigmentation and even collagen loss, which results in fine lines and wrinkles. [Plus], as we age, the skin cells tend to regenerate more slowly, leading to a duller complexion.” In other words, our skin’s ability to retain moisture, produce collagen and repair itself quickly decreases dramatically over time.

What skin care is best for aging?

An effective skin care routine will take into account ingredients that protect and repair the skin. According to Dr. Jennifer Gordon, a board-certified dermatologist at Westlake Dermatology, there is not a set age at which someone should begin an anti-aging routine. “There are many things that can be considered anti-aging, like sunscreen or certain acne medications that are often recommended at very early ages,” she says. “However, for the majority of people that are thinking about anti-aging, prevention can start in your 20s and treatments anytime after that … For most of us, sun damage, pollution, stress, lifestyle and hormonal changes all start to catch up to us around our 30s and 40s.”

The basics of an anti-aging routine includes sunscreen and antioxidants to guard against UV and free radical damage during the day and then focusing on restoring the skin’s health with active ingredients that support the skin barrier, boost hydration and promote cell turnover at night. You can also incorporate targeted treatments for concerns like like wrinkles and dark spots with ingredients that exfoliate, brighten and smooth. So, what are the specific ingredients that can help your skin? Next up, the dermatologists share the five skin care ingredients that are proven to make a difference.

What ingredients to look for in anti-aging skin care

Vitamin C

“Antioxidants … help your skin recover from environmental stressors,” says Dr. Ava Shamban, a board-certified dermatologist based in Los Angeles and the founder of Ava MD DermatologySkinFive Medical Spas and The Box by Dr. Ava, pointing out that vitamin C is one of the most lauded antioxidants out there. Board-certified plastic surgeon Dr. Julius Few agrees: “As a pillar of any highly effective skin care ritual, topical vitamin C calms and cools the skin while providing a layer of protection from free radicals and environmental pollutants. Check the label for L-ascorbic acid, which is considered to be the vitamin C best for skin. Arguably the most important ingredient to maintain healthy skin long-term, antioxidants work to neutralize aging free radicals like pollution, smoke and the main culprit, UV rays.”

Dr. Joshua Zeichner, the director of cosmetic and clinical research at Mount Sinai Hospital’s department of dermatology, recommends using vitamin C “along with your sunscreen to protect you from UV damage from the sun, as it blocks the production of abnormal pigment to lighten dark spots and even skin tone.”

Hyaluronic acid and ceramides

“We know that with age, skin barrier function declines and the skin cannot maintain hydration as well as it used to,” Zeichner says. That’s why its so important to use a moisturizer loaded with hydrating elements.

“Ingredients that both help to support the skin’s barrier function and that can attract moisture to the skin care are key,” Charles says. He recommends looking for hydrating ingredients like ceramides and hyaluronic acid (HA), which he calls “a great humectant that helps to attract and retain moisture to the skin surface.”

Moreover, “Ceramides help create a barrier on the skin and thereby minimize permeability,” Charles explains. “They also help to protect against environmental factors that lead to skin aging.”

Sunscreen

“After 40 years of practicing as a dermatologist and performing total body exams on patients aged from 18 to 98, I am still fascinated by the fact that about 90% of all the skin ‘aging’ we see takes place almost exclusively on skin that is exposed to the environment,” says Ciraldo, who recommends daily SPF no matter what time of year it is.

No more surprising is that every single dermatologist agreed with her. “The importance of sun protection cannot be overstated,” says Few. “Even on cloudy days and indoors. The light through the car windows, blue light from phones and computer screens can compound into visible skin damage over time.”

“If you’re outside and in more intensive sun, double down on sunscreen every 90 minutes with SPF 30 and add a hat or sun-protective clothing,” Shamban adds.

Retinol

“Retinol is perhaps the best studied ingredient we have to fight the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles,” Zeichner says. More than that, the powerhouse ingredient promotes brighter, more youthful skin.

“Retinoids address skin brightening through multifactorial channels,” explains Charles. “They work by increasing skin cell turnover and, thereby, they help the skin to more quickly shed the dull older skin cells away. This allows for the younger and more vibrant skin cells to come to the surface more efficiently.”

Alpha hydroxy acids

“As cell turnover slows down, we don’t shed cells from the skin surface as we once did,” says Zeichner. “As a result, light does not reflect as well off the surface of the skin, which translates to a dull appearance. Incorporate alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic or lactic acid into your routine to enhance exfoliation.”

Gordon also calls out kojic acid, a lesser-known AHA, and tranexamic acid for lightening dark spots.

Best anti-aging skin care products

Vitamin C serums for mature skin

Editor Favorite

For a budget-friendly option, this serum combines vitamin C with a bunch of other skin-loving ingredients like hyaluronic acid, vitamin E, aloe vera and jojoba oil.

Editor Favorite

“Vitamin C helps us form new collagen, keeps skin bright and boosts sun protection to prevent some photodamage,” says Dr. Loretta Ciraldo, a Miami-based board-certified derm and founder of Dr Loretta skin care. It’s made with tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, a highly stable form of vitamin C and is one of beauty editor Sophie Shaw’s all-time favorite products for visible, glowing results.

This formula is specifically targeted to treat pigmentation, thanks to the addition of glutathione and GAP technology (glutathione amino acid precursors) to increase antioxidant protection.

“Vitamin C [in its most potent and stable format of L-ascorbic acid] is perhaps the best known antioxidant. It helps to support increases in synthesis of collagen and photoprotection by slowing oxidative damage and is even more viable with sunscreen,” says Shamban. This cult-favorite contains a potent and effective 15% L-ascorbic acid that makes the high price tag worth it.

This dermatologist-tested formula includes vitamins C and E, along with a patented antioxidant technology. "This has 19+ antioxidants as well as DNA repair technology so it both protects, brightens and even repairs sun damage," Gordon says.

Hydrating products for mature skin

This popular option from Olay combines moisture-boosting hyaluronic acid with anti-aging peptides in a lightweight gel formula.

Editor Favorite

If you opt for a hyaluronic acid serum, it’s a good idea to follow it up with a ceramide cream. This one from Dr.Jart+ is a favorite for its creamy texture and soothing formula.

This hydrating serum contains pure hyaluronic acid, plus soothing vitamin B5 and calming centella asciatica for a well-rounded option that you can use day and night.

"Depending on the size of [hyaluronic acid] molecule you use, it can moisturize or impair the skin from making HA," Gordon says. "Alastin has figured out the perfect combination to moisturize but also increase your own production of HA in the skin."

Editor Favorite

Adding plumpness and hydration back into the skin, this simple serum is easy to incorporate into your routine whenever your skin is feeling extra dry.

Anti-aging sunscreens

Having a dedicated face sunscreen can come with additional benefits, like this brown algae- and niacinamide-infused formula that helps balance the skin.

While a minimum of SPF 30 protection is the general rule of thumb, Few recommends going for SPF 50: “Using a broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection keeps UV rays from prematurely damaging and aging your skin.” This oil-free formula offers broad-spectrum SPF 60 protection with a mattifying effect that makes it a great option for those with oily or acne-prone skin.

This dermatologist-approved sunscreen is a favorite. It contains both mineral and chemical UV filters for broad spectrum protection.

This tinted sunscreen is Gordon's favorite SPF. "It has just enough of a tint to be very elegant on and can last through even the hottest days without burning or stinging," she says. "It has antioxidants for added protection as well as protection from pollution and infrared [rays]."

According to dermatologists, reapplying sunscreen is the only way to ensure adequate protection throughout the day. A sunscreen stick is a great method for this since they are easily portable and can be used over makeup.

Anti-aging retinol treatments

Zeichner recommends this cream because “it uses a stabilized form of retinol in a moisturizing delivery system that minimizes potential irritation.”

If you’re new to retinol use, start by applying the product every other night to avoid sensitizing the skin, and gradually increase frequency to every night according to your skin’s tolerance.

Charles calls this night cream “an excellent retinol for novices, as it is gentle and less likely to cause irritation. It also contains niacinamide, and B3 helps calm inflammation that can induce aging.”

Editor Favorite

This celebrity-loved retinol is nonirritating, so it’s great for those with sensitive skin. It also contains exfoliating alpha hydroxy acids for additional skin-smoothing benefits.

The algae extract in this product offers a hydrating buffer for the retinol, making it a favorite of Shamban's.

Gordon's favorite retinol is this sensitive skin-friendly formula. She also notes that it comes in an intensive formula for those that can tolerate a higher strength.

Dullness-fighting AHA treatments

For gentle exfoliation, Gordon recommends this cleanser. It combines alpha hydroxy acid, beta hydroxy acid and physical exfoliation with jojoba spheres.

This straightforward formula includes glycerin for a touch of hydration and aloe leaf juice to soothe the skin, while the glycolic acid brightens and smoothes the top layer of skin.

In addition to smoothing the skin, AHAs can also help even skin tone and address pigment issues like darks spots and hyperpigmentation. “AHAs … add vibrancy by removing dead cells that store pigment and give a lackluster appearance to skin,” says Ciraldo. This anti-aging serum treats discoloration with a blend of glycolic acid, tranexamic acid, lipohydroxy acid and kojic acid.

Editor Favorite

This editor-approved treatment smoothes and brightens the skin with purified lactic acid, nixing dullness and revealing a more radiant complexion.

These cult-favorite peels have remained a bestseller for years because they work. Combining three AHAs — glycolic, lactic and malic acids — these potent wipes deliver noticeably smoother skin after just one use.