Washington(CNN) The US unilaterally imposed sweeping sanctions on Iran's financial sector in a move that critics say could have unintended consequences, including a detrimental impact on the ability of the Iranian people to access humanitarian resources.
Thursday's tranche of sanctions -- coming less than a month before the US presidential election -- are the latest in the Trump administration's "maximum pressure" campaign that they say is aimed at causing Tehran to change its behavior. That campaign -- under which the administration walked away from the Iran nuclear deal -- has left the US largely isolated from key European allies.
In a press release, the Treasury Department said it sanctioned 16 banks "for operating in Iran's financial sector," one bank "for being owned or controlled by a sanctioned Iranian bank," and another bank affiliated with the Iranian military.
Under the new sanctions, "all property and interests in property of designated targets that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons must be blocked and reported to" the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
"In addition, financial institutions and other persons that engage in certain transactions or activities with the sanctioned entities after a 45-day wind-down period may expose themselves to secondary sanctions or be subject to an enforcement action," the Treasury Department said.
"Today's action to identify the financial sector and sanction eighteen major Iranian banks reflects our commitment to stop illicit access to U.S. dollars," Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a statement. "Our sanctions programs will continue until Iran stops its support of terrorist activities and ends its nuclear programs.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the sanctions "are directed at the regime and its corrupt officials that have used the wealth of the Iranian people to fuel a radical, revolutionary cause that has brought untold suffering across the Middle East and beyond."
"The United States continues to stand with the Iranian people, the longest-suffering victims of the regime's predations," he said in a statement Thursday.
Supporters of the move say it is consistent with the administration's campaign against Tehran.
"Targeting Iran's financial sector is the next logical step for an administration which has significantly driven down Iranian oil revenues and sanctioned sectors supporting Iran's missile, nuclear, and military programs," said Behnam Ben Taleblu of the hawkish think tank the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD).
"These steps help to sever lingering Iranian touch-points to the international financial system, and thus sharpen the choice Tehran faces as it continues to prioritize regime interest over national interest," he said.
FDD's CEO Mark Dubowitz and senior adviser Rich Goldberg advocated for the sanctions in an August Wall Street Journal op-ed, arguing that it "would be a major blow to a regime struggling to stay on its feet, and the president has nothing to lose."
But some officials at the State Department warned leadership that the sanctions could have unintended consequences, one official told CNN.
Mnuchin claimed that "today's actions will continue to allow for humanitarian transactions to support the Iranian people," and Pompeo said they "do not affect existing authorizations and exceptions for humanitarian exports to Iran, which remain in full force and effect." However, critics warn the sanctions will make it harder to get humanitarian goods into Iran -- goods that are especially needed amid the coronavirus pandemic.
"It's going to make it even harder for Iran to get ahold of food and medicine, unless the Europeans do something gutsy," said Barbara Slavin, the director of the Future of Iran Initiative at the Atlantic Council. "It's going to hurt a lot more people. It certainly will bring a lot of people to their knees, but it will not bring down the Islamic Republic, it will just intensify their hatred for the United States."
Slavin told CNN that imposing the new sanctions amid rising coronavirus cases in Iran is "particularly cruel," calling it "sadism masquerading as sanctions."
Some State Department and intelligence community officials also fear that Pompeo is creating a more toxic environment in the region which could lead to more attacks by Iranian-backed proxies in Iraq. Pompeo has warned Iraqi leadership that more militia attacks in Iraq could trigger the US to close its embassy in the country.