The US dollar plows ahead as global stock markets remain volatile

Hong Kong(CNN Business) Dramatic action from policymakers failed to bring much calm to financial markets on Thursday, with stocks in Asia sinking while European and US indexes were mixed. The only clear winner was the US dollar, which has surged as investors scramble for cash.

The European Central Bank stepped up its response to the coronavirus outbreak on Wednesday, announcing it would pump $821 billion into keeping the financial system afloat. The ECB measure is just the latest emergency stimulus plan announced by central banks to help economies in the face of a potentially disastrous worldwide recession.

US stocks were mixed in morning trading. The Dow (INDU) and S&P 500 (SPX) posted mild losses, while the Nasdaq (COMP) was in positive territory.

In Europe, London's FTSE 100 ticked up 0.5% after the Bank of England announced another emergency interest rate cut. The ECB's efforts failed to move the needle elsewhere in Europe, where Germany's DAX and France's CAC 40 moved between small gains and losses.

Those moves followed a rough trading session for stocks in Asia Pacific. The Korea Exchange briefly suspended trading in Seoul after markets there plummeted, tripping a circuit breaker. The benchmark Kospi (KOSPI) dropped 8.4%.

The Kospi was the region's worst performer, but equities elsewhere were down, too. Australia's S&P/ASX 200 dropped 3.4%. Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index (HSI) fell 2.6%, while China's Shanghai Composite (SHCOMP) slid 1%.

Japan's Nikkei 225 (N225) fell 1%. The Bank of Japan earlier offered to buy 1 trillion yen ($9 billion) worth of Japanese government bonds in an unscheduled move.

But global restrictions on movement and the continued spread of the coronavirus are outweighing the responses from policymakers, according to analysts at UBS Global Wealth Management CIO.

"In the absence of credible signs that infection numbers in the western world can be controlled, volatility is likely to remain elevated," they wrote in a research note.

The dollar's strength

The US dollar, meanwhile, jumped to a record high against the Mexican peso. The greenback also rose against the Japanese yen — a traditional safe haven currency — to its highest level since February.

Currencies elsewhere in Asia weakened Thursday, too.

"The strong US dollar is slamming global capital markets like a sledgehammer today," wrote Stephen Innes, global chief markets strategist at AxiCorp. He added in a research note that the "unbridled" demand for the world's reserve currency is causing extreme weakness in the Australian and New Zealand dollars, as well as the Korean won.

Central banks in emerging markets are also in a "world of pain," Innes said, as they can't justify selling reserves of the dollar when their local banks are seeing a rise in demand for the currency.

"That merely signals more [US dollar] strength to come as the buying frenzy continues," he added.

The British pound has also been routed. The currency has fallen to roughly $1.15, trading at its lowest levels against the dollar since the 1980s. The United Kingdom has been rattled by the virus, and is now considering a partial lockdown in London to stem its spread, multiple sources have told CNN.

Central banks take dramatic steps

The flurry of steps taken worldwide by central banks to stave off catastrophic economic turmoil, including the European Central Bank's massive economic rescue plan, has not eased investor panic.

Other central banks also detailed new plans during daytime hours in Asia, with little effect on stock markets. The US Federal Reserve, for example, said it would enhance liquidity for critical money markets.

And the Reserve Bank of Australia announced it would cut rates to 0.25%, also in a bid to manage the coronavirus fallout. Other central banks will likely be forced to follow suit.

-- Julia Horowitz, Clare Duffy, Jake Kwon and David Goldman contributed to this report.