(CNN) British Prime Minister Theresa May has been accused of threatening to use the safety of UK and European citizens as a bargaining chip in Brexit talks.
In the formal letter that notified the European Union of Britain's intention to leave, May warned that the failure to strike a deal on any future relationship would have consequences for security.
"In security terms a failure to reach agreement would mean our cooperation in the fight against crime and terrorism would be weakened," she wrote in the letter to European Council President Donald Tusk.
In all, May mentioned security 11 times in the six-page letter, hand-delivered at lunchtime to Tusk in Brussels by Britain's ambassador to the EU, Sir Tim Barrow..
The European Parliament's co-ordinator for Brexit, Guy Verhofstadt, said the EU would oppose any attempt by Britain to link security with trade.
Asked if he thought May was engaged in "blackmail", Verhofstadt said: "I try to be a gentleman, so towards a lady I don't even use or think about the word 'blackmail'," he told a press conference in Brussels, the Press Association reported.
In the House of Commons in London, Tim Farron, leader of the Liberal Democrats, who oppose Brexit, said May's linking of trade and security was "shameful" and a "blatant threat."
"Security is too important to be used as a bargaining chip and this will backfire in any negotiations, which rather than building up alliances will leave Britain even more isolated," he said.
Labour MP Yvette Cooper echoed the concerns. "Completely irresponsible to threaten, gamble or bargain on national security," she wrote on Twitter.
May said that it would be important to negotiate a future deal on security.
"We have a relationship with the European Union, there are certain elements of the European Union in justice and home affairs that we're currently members of that in leaving the European Union we would not be members of, and we need to negotiate what the future relationship will be," she told MPs.
"It's very simple, it's very pragmatic and the aim of this will be to ensure cooperation on these matters."
In a BBC interview later Wednesday, May said a comprehensive trade agreement and security matters were part of the "raft of negotiations" that would unfold over the next two years.
Asked about the prospect of leaving Europol, the EU's law enforcement agency, which co-ordinates the sharing of intelligence on terrorism and organized crime between member states, the premier said the UK would negotiate "security cooperation in a number of crime and justice matters." Especially important, she said, was information on people crossing borders.
"Now is not a time, given the threats we've seen across Europe, for less cooperation," she said.
Britain is arguably the union's strongest defense power, according to the Institute for Government.
"It is one of only two member states possessing 'full-spectrum' military capabilities (including a nuclear deterrent) and one of only five spending 2% of GDP on defense. It also holds a permanent seat on the UN Security Council and has the largest military budget within the EU," the institute said.
A Downing Street spokesman declined to expand on the letter. "The Prime Minister's words speak for themselves. It's a simple fact that if we leave the EU without a deal, the arrangements which we have as part of our EU membership will lapse," he told CNN.
The official start to the Brexit process came nine months after the UK voted in a hotly contested referendum that exposed deep divisions across the country.
In her letter, May said the UK wanted to pursue a "bold and ambitious" free-trade agreement with the EU in forthcoming talks, alongside negotiations on Britain's exit arrangements.
If the country fails to strike a trade deal with Britain and defaults to trading under World Trade Organization rules, it is forecast to lose 7.5% of its GDP over 15 years, according to the UK's own official estimates. May has made clear that the country will not remain in the bloc's single market or customs union, which essentially make the EU a free-trade zone. Staying in the market would likely have forced Britain to keep its borders open to all EU citizens, a key argument by the Leave campaign to exit the union.
But May's ambition to pursue trade talks alongside an exit deal were dealt a blow by the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, who said one would have to follow the other. "We must deal with many rights and obligations that have been linked to membership. Only then, later, can we talk about our future relationship," she said in Berlin, in remarks translated by Reuters.
In her letter, May tried to strike a conciliatory tone with the EU, reiterating her hopes for Britain and the union to remain the closest of allies and to seek a "deep and special partnership." She also made clear that she wanted to avoid walking away with no deal, and proposed several principles to guide negotiations.
Here are the letter's highlights:
A White Paper on how to do this will be published Thursday.
May accepted there would be downsides of Brexit.
"We understand that there will be consequences for the UK of leaving the EU," she told MPs. "We know that we will lose influence over the rules that affect the European economy. We know that UK companies that trade with the EU will have to align with rules agreed by institutions of which we are no longer a part, just as we do in other overseas markets. We accept that."
After receiving the Article 50 letter, Tusk struck a gloomy note. "There is no reason to pretend that this is a happy day, neither in Brussels nor in London. After all, most Europeans, including almost half the British voters, wished that we would stay together, not drift apart. As for me, I will not pretend that I am happy today," Tusk said.
But he added that Brexit had made the 27 other nations in the EU more determined and united.
"And what can I add to this? We already miss you."