Editor's Note: (Ben Wedeman is CNN's senior international correspondent based in Rome. He has covered the Middle East for the network since 1994 and lived on and off in the region since 1974.)
(CNN) Don't rejoice over claims that ISIS is on the ropes. The dark, poisonous soil that has given birth to tens of thousands of extremists in Iraq and beyond hasn't lost its fertility.
ISIS goes global: Mapping attacks around the world
Many years ago, back in the 1990s, when Saddam Hussein was still in control of Iraq, an official in the Ministry of Information and Culture would regularly summon me to his office for tea and a tirade. Sometimes it was about our coverage, but often he waxed angrily about the United States and Western policy toward Iraq.
The ISIS terror threat
People flee the scene of a terror attack at Istanbul's Ataturk airport on June 29. Turkish officials have strong evidence that ISIS leadership was involved in the planning of the attack, a senior government source told CNN. Officials believe the men -- identified by state media as being from Russia, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan -- entered Turkey from the ISIS stronghold of Raqqa in Syria, bringing with them the suicide vests and bombs used in the attack,
the source said.
The ISIS militant group -- led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, pictured -- began as a splinter group of al Qaeda.
Its aim is to create an Islamic state, or caliphate, across Iraq and Syria. It is implementing Sharia law, rooted in eighth-century Islam, to establish a society that mirrors the region's ancient past. It is known for killing dozens of people at a time and carrying out public executions.
Kurdish Peshmerga fighters fire missiles during clashes with ISIS in Jalawla, Iraq, on June 14, 2014. That month, ISIS took control of Mosul and Tikrit, two major cities in northern Iraq.
Traffic from Mosul lines up at a checkpoint in Kalak, Iraq, on June 14, 2014. Thousands of people
fled Mosul after it was overrun by ISIS.
ISIS fighters parade down an Iraqi street in this image released by the group in July 2014.
Aziza Hamid, a 15-year-old Iraqi girl, cries for her father while she and other Yazidi people are flown to safety after a
dramatic rescue operation at Iraq's Mount Sinjar on August 11, 2014. A CNN crew
was on the flight, which took diapers, milk, water and food to the site where as many as 70,000 people were trapped by ISIS. Only a few of them were able to fly back on the helicopter with the Iraqi Air Force and Kurdish Peshmerga fighters.
On August 19, 2014, American journalist James Foley
was decapitated by ISIS militants in a video posted on YouTube. A month later, they released videos showing the executions of American journalist Steven Sotloff and British aid worker David Haines.
ISIS militants stand near the site of an airstrike near the Turkey-Syria border on October 23, 2014. The United States and several Arab nations
began bombing ISIS targets in Syria to take out the group's ability to command, train and resupply its fighters.
A Kurdish marksman stands atop a building as he looks at the destroyed Syrian town of Kobani on January 30, 2015. After four months of fighting, Peshmerga forces
liberated the city from the grip of ISIS.
Safi al-Kasasbeh, right, receives condolences from tribal leaders at his home village near Karak, Jordan, on February 4, 2015. Al-Kasasbeh's son,
Jordanian pilot Moath al-Kasasbeh, was burned alive in a video that was released by ISIS militants. Jordan is one of a handful of Middle Eastern nations taking part in the U.S.-led military coalition against ISIS.
In February 2015, British newspapers report the identity of "Jihadi John," the disguised man with a British accent who had appeared in ISIS videos executing Western hostages. The militant was identified as Mohammed Emwazi, a Kuwaiti-born Londoner. On November 12, 2015, the Pentagon announced that Emwazi was in a vehicle
hit by a drone strike. ISIS later confirmed his death.
In March 2015, ISIS released video and images of a man being thrown off a rooftop in Raqqa, Syria. In the last photograph, the man is seen face down, surrounded by a small crowd of men carrying weapons and rocks. The caption reads "stoned to death." The victim was brutally killed
because he was accused of being gay.
An Iraqi soldier searches for ISIS fighters in Tikrit on March 30, 2015. Iraqi forces
retook the city after it had been in ISIS control since June 2014.
Dead bodies lie near a beachside hotel in Sousse, Tunisia, after
a gunman opened fire on June 26, 2015. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack, which killed at least 38 people and wounded at least 36 others, many of them Western tourists. Two U.S. officials said they believed the attack might have been inspired by ISIS but not directed by it.
ISIS also claimed responsibility for what it called a suicide bombing
at the Al-Sadiq mosque in Kuwait City on June 26, 2015. At least 27 people were killed and at least 227 were wounded, state media reported at the time. The bombing came on the same day as the attack on the Tunisian beach.
A man inspects the aftermath of a car bombing in Khan Bani Saad, Iraq, on July 18, 2015.
A suicide bomber with an ice truck, promising cheap relief from the scorching summer heat, lured more than 100 people to their deaths. ISIS claimed responsibility on Twitter.
Two women hold hands after an explosion in Suruc, Turkey, on July 20, 2015. The blast
occurred at the Amara Cultural Park, where a group was calling for help to rebuild the Syrian city of Kobani, CNN Turk reported. At least 32 people were killed and at least 100 were wounded in the bombing. Turkish authorities said they believed ISIS was involved in the explosion.
Spectators at the Stade de France in Paris run onto the soccer field after explosions were heard outside the stadium on November 13, 2015. Three teams of gun-wielding ISIS militants
hit six locations around the city, killing at least 129 people and wounding hundreds.
Law enforcement officers search a residential area in San Bernardino, California, after a
mass shooting killed at least 14 people and injured 21 on December 2, 2015.
The shooters -- Syed Rizwan Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik -- were fatally shot in a gunbattle with police hours after the initial incident. The couple supported ISIS and had been planning the attack for some time, investigators said.
Two wounded women sit in the airport in Brussels, Belgium, after two explosions rocked the facility on March 22, 2016. A subway station in the city
was also targeted in terrorist attacks that killed at least 30 people and injured hundreds more. Investigators say the suspects belonged to the same ISIS network that was behind the Paris terror attacks in November.
A boy walks past bloodstains and debris at a cafe in Balad, Iraq, that was attacked by ISIS gunmen on May 13, 2016. Twenty people were killed.
Iraqi government forces patrol in southern Falluja, Iraq, on June 10, 2016. In late June,
a senior Iraqi general announced that the battle to reclaim Falluja from ISIS had been won.
"Someday, a new generation of Iraqis will come with a hatred you won't be able to imagine," he told me. "We older Iraqis still have positive memories of the West, but they will have only hate. Remember my words," he said.
The official, Udai Al-Ta'i, was an intelligent and sophisticated man, fluent in English and French, and had served in the Iraqi diplomatic service in Europe. He often spouted the regime line, but on this occasion his words seemed to come from deep inside.
The ravages of the sanction years
This was at a time when Iraq was laboring under the U.N. sanctions imposed after the 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
Then, Iraq's media minders were always eager to take us to the country's crumbling, crowded hospitals, to show us babies suffering and dying from malnutrition and disease.
The United Nations estimated that more than half a million children died as a result of the sanctions. One can debate the causes: the impact for millions of ordinary Iraqis was devastating.
Back then occasionally we would be called to cover macabre regime-organized baby funerals.
A line of battered orange and white taxis wound their way around central Baghdad, little wooden coffins tied to their roofs. Hand-written signs bore the name of the dead baby, blaming the sanctions for their death.
By the road, women wailed and rhythmically slapped their faces, their children by their side, watching in silence. The first time, skeptical of the spectacle, I insisted on opening one of the coffins. Inside, I found the lifeless body of a baby, wrapped in a white sheet. The dead babies were real.
The ravages of the sanction years, and the violence and upheaval that followed the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq did indeed deeply scar a generation of Iraqis, the generation that has now come of age and has provided many willing recruits for ISIS.
The bitter fruits of the Arab Spring
The torture chambers of the Arab world are more crowded and busier than ever. While what we once optimistically called the Arab Spring temporarily shook the region's totalitarian brutes (many of whom, it should be noted, are "friends" of the West), the lesson they took away from the dramatic demise of "milder" dictators, like Egypt's Hosni Mubarak, was that even the slimmest margin of dissent cannot be tolerated.
The exhilaration of sudden freedom and liberation is long gone, a distant and fading memory. Hindsight laughs at our naiveté. The fruit of the Arab Spring has been chaos, war, displacement of millions, bloodshed, sectarianism and renewed oppression.
One young revolutionary in Cairo I've known for years has withdrawn into hashish and abstract art. "A dead activist is useless," he told me recently.
Others drew another conclusion. The failure of the Arab Spring and the redoubled repression that followed proved that the political order in the Arab world is beyond repair, and only the most ultra-radical of solutions, the resurrection of a dystopian caliphate that never really existed -- the future as envisioned by ISIS -- is the solution.
Those who seek proof of the illegitimacy of the state as it exists today in the Arab world needn't look far for validation.
The disease itself is still there
Yes, an optimist might say that ISIS is on the run and that at least that challenge is being addressed.
In Iraq, the military and paramilitary forces have driven ISIS out of Tikrit, Baiji and Ramadi, and are pummeling the extremists in Falluja.
In Libya, troops from competing governments in the east and west have pushed ISIS back to the outskirts of the city of Sirte. Little over a month ago, the extremists controlled almost 200 kilometers of the Libyan coastline.
In Syria, the forces of Bashar Al-Assad have retaken Palmyra with the help of Russian military might and in the north the U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces are steadily gaining ground. ISIS is reportedly suffering from desertion, internal bloodletting, a shortage of funds and flagging morale.
ISIS, a symptom of the deep-rooted disease of oppression, is in the process of being destroyed. The disease itself, however, is still there.